National Quantum Mission (NQM)

The National Quantum Mission was launched in April 2023 with an investment of ₹6,003.65 crore over eight years. It aims to position India as a leader in quantum technology . This mission focuses on quantum computing, communication, materials, and metrology .

Genesis of NQM

  • Originated from the National Mission on Quantum Technologies & Applications (NM-QTA) announced in 2020 .
  • Recognizes quantum technology's importance in national security, economic growth, and innovation .

Global Competition in Quantum Technology

  • U.S. : National Quantum Initiative Act (2018) with $3.8 billion investment .
  • China: Invested $15.3 billion , developed QUESS satellite and a 2,000 km quantum-encrypted network .
  • European Union: Over $1 billion investment in quantum research.

Objectives and Deliverables of NQM

  • Quantum Computing Development
    • Develop 50 to 1,000 physical qubit quantum computers using superconducting and photonic technologies.
    • Impact on cryptography, security, and industrial applications .
  • Secure Quantum Communication
    • Establish satellite-based secure quantum communication over 2,000 km within India.
    • Develop inter-city quantum key distribution (QKD) using optical fiber .
    • Enhance cybersecurity and prevent cyber espionage .
  • Quantum Materials & Devices
    • Research on superconductors and novel semiconductor structures .
    • Applications in defense, navigation, and medical fields .
  • Quantum Sensing & Metrology
    • Develop high-sensitivity magnetometers, atomic clocks , and LiDAR technology .
    • Applications in defense surveillance, resource exploration, and precision navigation .
National Quantum Mission

Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) Under NQM

  • Quantum Computing – IISc Bengaluru.
  • Quantum Communication – IIT Madras & C-DOT, New Delhi.
  • Quantum Sensing & Metrology – IIT Bombay.
  • Quantum Materials & Devices – IIT Delhi.

Key Developments Under NQM

  • ISRO’s Free-Space Quantum Communication (2021): Achieved 300m quantum-encrypted video conferencing .
  • Development of a 6-qubit Quantum Processor (2024) by DRDO & TIFR .
  • International Collaborations: Partnership with the U.S. under iCET (Indo-U.S. Quantum Coordination Mechanism) .

India’s Role in the Global Quantum Race

  • Strategic investments aim to make India a global leader .
  • Quantum technologies will redefine cybersecurity, defense, and economic growth .
  • Space security and satellite-based quantum communications are critical concerns.

Future Roadmap

  • Expansion of research & collaboration to ensure quantum supremacy .
  • Integration of quantum computing into national security & economic sectors .
  • Continued development of quantum startups and innovations .

India’s National Quantum Mission (NQM) is a transformative initiative that will secure the country’s future in cutting-edge technology and establish it as a global quantum powerhouse .